Transfer Matrix Method Analysis of Graphene-Loaded Circular Waveguide

Dolatabady, Alireza; Rashidi, Bahram

doi:10.22075/ppam.2026.41033.1219

Transfer Matrix Method Analysis of Graphene-Loaded Circular Waveguide

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Alireza Dolatabady

Bahram Rashidi

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran.

10.22075/ppam.2026.41033.1219

Abstract

Graphene, owing to its electrically tunable surface conductivity and favorable electromagnetic properties, has attracted considerable attention for microwave and terahertz applications. In this paper, the transfer matrix method is employed to analyze the transmission, reflection, and absorption characteristics of graphene-loaded circular waveguides. Single-layer and periodically arranged non-interacting graphene layers are investigated by incorporating the graphene surface conductivity into the electromagnetic boundary conditions for both TE and TM modes. The effects of the graphene chemical potential and the incident angle on the reflection characteristics are examined for different dielectric configurations. The results show that the electromagnetic response depends on both the polarization and the graphene chemical potential, with the TE mode exhibiting a higher degree of electrical tunability than the TM mode. In addition, the periodic arrangement of graphene layers gives rise to a photonic band gap, whose characteristics are influenced by the graphene chemical potential and the structural parameters. The proposed analytical formulation provides a convenient approach for studying graphene-loaded circular waveguides and may be useful in the analysis and design of tunable microwave and terahertz waveguide components.

Keywords

Circular waveguide

Graphene-loaded waveguide

Photonic band gap

Transfer matrix method

Tunable structure

Subjects

Eletromagnetism

© 2026 The Author(s). Progress in Physics of Applied Materials published by Semnan University Press. This is an open access article under the CC-BY 4.0 license. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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