Semnan University PressProgress in Physics of Applied Materials2783-47946220261101Impact of the Single-Layer Anti-Reflective Coating (Slarc) on the Photovoltaic Properties of ZnO/AlGaAs/Si Solar Cells87981028710.22075/ppam.2025.38569.1163ENFatinah NajwaRoslanSchool of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, MALAYSIAMohd ZakiMohd YusoffSchool of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, MALAYSIAMadhiyahYahaya BermakaiFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, 02600 Arau, Perlis, MALAYSIA0000-0003-1916-6505BabarHussainGammaIntellect LLC, 2111 Violeta Cir SE, Rio Rancho, NM 87124, USASiti AisyahZawawiUiTM Foundation Centre, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Dengkil Campus, Selangor 43800, MALAYSIAJournal Article20250806A triple heterojunction solar cell is reported to achieve high efficiency with appropriate parameters. In this study, a zinc oxide/aluminium gallium arsenide/silicon (ZnO/AlGaAs/Si) solar cell was incorporated into a new triple heterojunction solar cell design to investigate the performance of the solar cell. Furthermore, applying an anti-reflective coating (ARC) on top of the cell can enhance its performance by reducing light reflectance. In this work, silicon dioxide, ZnO, and silicon nitride were selected as materials for a single-layer anti-reflective coating (SLARC). The thickness and refractive index values for each material were calculated to determine the optimum values for wavelengths between 250 and 1,200 nm. The device was analyzed using a personal computer 1-dimensional simulation under AM1.5G conditions at one-sun illumination. The reflectance of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> was higher than that of the cell without ARC. Moreover, Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> only achieved lower reflectance than the other materials over a narrow wavelength of approximately 300 nm. The cell efficiency increased from 21.98% to 24.08% after applying an SLARC using silicon dioxide<sub>.</sub>https://ppam.semnan.ac.ir/article_10287_982025df3dc7f9eae503a74980c29713.pdfSemnan University PressProgress in Physics of Applied Materials2783-47946220261101Correlation Between Fermi-Energy, Chemical Shifts, and Surface Plasmon Resonance in Cu and Zn Compounds under X-ray Illumination991101030110.22075/ppam.2025.39045.1170ENTikaRamDepartment of Physics, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, IndiaAjayKumarDepartment of Chemistry, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India0000-0002-6045-7526DineshKumarUttar Pradesh State of Higher Education Council, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaPoonamJunejaDepartment of Physics, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, IndiaSanjeevRathoreDepartment of Physics, Government Degree College, Badaun, -243601, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaHariKrishanDepartment of Chemistry, Michigan Diagnostic LLC, 2611 Parmenter Blvd, Royal Oak, MI, USA 48073.NarinderKumarDepartment of Physics, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India0000-0001-8537-0307Journal Article20250916This study represents an integrated theoretical framework that correlates copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) compounds with variation in Fermi energy, chemical shifts, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) under X-ray illumination. A simplified but conscientious model was developed to determine chemical shifts in X-ray K-absorption spectra based on Fermi energy differences between metals and their compound states. The model incorporates electron concentration, plasmon energy, and effective charge to predict more clearly the sign as well as the amount of chemical shift without depending on empirical adaptation. Experimental X-ray absorption data closely match the expected chemical shifts (2.7-6.0 eV for Cu compounds and 2.4-4.7 eV for Zn compounds), confirming the model's reliability. A correlation between Fermi energy and effective charge confirms that electron redistribution of compounds governs spectral edge shifts under X-ray illumination. Furthermore, the conceptual link between Fermi-level modulation and SPR behavior illustrates that variations in conduction electron density are influenced by X-ray illumination. This correlation reveals a consistent theoretical explanation for photo-induced plasmonic phenomena in Cu, Zn, and their compounds based materials. Overall, the suggested model enhances perception of the Fermi energy dependence of chemical shifts and extends its applicability to plasmonic materials. The current study offers a frontier analysis tool that will be used for the electronic and optical properties of transition-metal compounds.https://ppam.semnan.ac.ir/article_10301_b1f130b49d0fcfa2348098ee4467452f.pdfSemnan University PressProgress in Physics of Applied Materials2783-47946220261101Ultrasonic Wave and the Analysis of Excitation Energy in Alkali Metals: Clogston-Chandrasekhar Limit1111161030210.22075/ppam.2025.39140.1173ENNedaEbrahimianDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran 3319118651, Iran0000-0002-4696-9963RezaAfzaliDepartment of Physics, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4416, IranRezaAfzalzadehDepartment of Physics, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4416, IranJournal Article20250925Ultracold alkali atoms refer to atoms such as lithium, sodium, and potassium. By applying a magnetic field, we can tune how the atoms attract or repel each other. We investigate the excitation energy of alkali atoms when the Clogston–Chandrasekhar limit is reached, leading to possible normal–superfluid phase separation. This separation occurs when the system is spin imbalanced. Spin in lithium-6 refers to its hyperfine states. Among the possible phase-separated states, we consider the case where an unpolarized superfluid component coexists with a partially polarized normal component. Unlike a conventional Fermi gas, the excitation energy in this system depends on several parameters that can be tuned by an external magnetic field. Then, using the second-order perturbation approach, the excitation energy is analyzed when the system is subjected to a weak ultrasonic wave. We assume that the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is lower than the breaking energy of each pair Using these results, we show that when the ultrasonic wave is applied, the energy absorption increases with increasing the average chemical potential. However, this is not due to the creation of new quasiparticles or quasiholes, since analysis of the dependence of the excitation energy on average chemical potential shows otherwise. Thermal quasiparticles already present in the system are responsible for the enhanced energy absorption as the average chemical potential increases.https://ppam.semnan.ac.ir/article_10302_b578f2a52a0229873fefc2a4b06377fa.pdfSemnan University PressProgress in Physics of Applied Materials2783-47946220261101Effect of Ba2+ Doping on the Crystal Structure and Optical Band Gap of NdFeO3 Orthoferrite1171261030910.22075/ppam.2025.38809.1168ENMansourehPourjafarFaculty of Physics, Semnan University P. O. Box 35195-363, Semnan, IranDavoudSanavi KhoshnoudFaculty of Physics, Semnan University P. O. Box 35195-363, Semnan, Iran0000-0001-5423-7351Journal Article20250826In this study, neodymium was substituted by divalent barium ion (Ba²⁺) at various concentrations (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) in the neodymium orthoferrite structure, forming the composition Nd₁₋ₓBaₓFeO₃ via the sol–gel method. To evaluate the effects of Ba²⁺ substitution, detailed structural and optical characterizations were conducted at room temperature. The results indicated that, with increasing barium content, the unit cell volume, the average Fe–O–Fe bond length, and the tolerance factor exhibited an increasing trend. In contrast, the orthorhombic strain and the octahedral distortion angle of the FeO₆ decreased progressively with higher Ba²⁺ concentrations. These structural changes suggest a reduction in lattice distortion, indicating a gradual evolution of the crystal symmetry toward a higher-symmetry (tetragonal) phase. Furthermore, optical characterization revealed a significant reduction in the optical band gap, decreasing from 2.15 eV for the NdFeO<sub>3</sub> sample to 1.28 eV for the sample with <em>x </em>= 0.4. This reduction can be attributed to modifications in the electronic structure and the enhancement of optical properties induced by Ba²⁺ substitution. These findings highlight the potential of Ba-doped NdFeO₃ for real world applications, including visible light photo-catalysis, gas and chemical sensors, optoelectronic devices, and photo-electrochemical systems.https://ppam.semnan.ac.ir/article_10309_2e667fca5e24ac13dcee94ddc4aa751a.pdfSemnan University PressProgress in Physics of Applied Materials2783-47946220261101Thermal Analysis of Coil-Crucible Configurations in Czochralski Growth of BGO Crystals1271351031010.22075/ppam.2025.38367.1157ENHosseinKhodamoradiPhysics Department, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65174, I.R. IranM.H.TavakoliPhysics Department, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65174, I.R. IranJournal Article20250723This study presents a detailed numerical investigation into the influence of coil-crucible configurations on electromagnetic heating, thermal transport, and stress development during the Czochralski (Cz) growth of bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals. A two-dimensional steady-state finite element model is developed to simulate the coupled behavior of electromagnetic fields, fluid flow, heat conduction, and thermoelastic deformation in both the melt and solid domains. Three distinct coil-crucible arrangements are analyzed to evaluate their effects on the temperature field, melt convection patterns, and the morphology of the crystal-melt interface. The results reveal that strategic modifications in geometry can significantly enhance temperature uniformity while mitigating the magnitude and localization of thermally induced stress within the growing crystal-factors that are critical for reducing defect formation such as dislocations and cracks. Additionally, the study compares two thermal stress estimation approaches, providing a detailed assessment of the resulting stress fields. Validation against available experimental data and literature benchmarks confirms the reliability of the model and underscores the pivotal role of thermal system design in improving crystal quality. These insights provide a practical framework for optimizing coil-crucible configurations to achieve higher-quality oxide crystals in industrial Czochralski growth systems<strong>.</strong>https://ppam.semnan.ac.ir/article_10310_a30bc83d95b629973ef10dbe8221ca63.pdfSemnan University PressProgress in Physics of Applied Materials2783-47946220261101Sustainable Gold Nanoparticles Possessed Significant Activity Against Cancer Cell Lines (MCF-7, HeLa, and A549)1371491031210.22075/ppam.2025.39282.1175ENAjayKumarDepartment of Chemistry, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India- 2480070000-0002-6045-7526ManishPantDepartment of Chemical Engineering, IISER Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.DhruvMishraDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand (U.K.), India-263145.GurleenKaur4Department of Chemistry, Tula’s Institute, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun.DharmendraKumarSchool of Engineering and Computing, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun.RupinderKaurDepartment of Agriculture, Tula’s Institute, Uttarakhand Technical University, DehradunBenjamin K.BlamahLiving Water International, NGO, Faith-based, Houston, Taxes, USA.NarinderKumarSchool of applied and Life Science
Uttaranchal University0000-0001-8537-0307SarveshRustagiSchool of Agriculture and Technology, Maya Devi University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.DevendraSinghSchool of Agriculture and Technology, Maya Devi University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.Journal Article20251006Nanoparticles (NPs) have begun substituting for more conventional cancer treatments in contemporary oncology, including radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) synthesized using <em>Leucas cephalotes</em> <em>(Lc</em>) leaf extract were developed via a green, eco-friendly route and evaluated for their anticancer potential. The formation of <em>Leucas cephalotes</em>–gold nanoparticles (<em>Lc</em>-GNPs) was confirmed by a distinct surface plasmon resonance peak at 524 nm, while XRD analysis revealed four prominent diffraction peaks, indicating their crystalline nature. SEM showed the spherical morphology and interaction of <em>Lc</em>-GNPs against cancer cell lines, and DLS revealed an average particle size of 20 nm with a narrow size distribution. Cytotoxic studies revealed dose-dependent inhibition of cancer cell viability, with IC₅₀ values of 26.91 µg/mL (MCF-7 breast cancer), 45.51 µg/mL (HeLa cervical cancer), and 17.33 µg/mL (A549 lung cancer). <em>Lc</em>-GNPs activity is statistically significant against all three MCF-7, HeLa, and A549 cancer cell lines. <em>Lc</em>-GNPs cancer activity compared with standard chemotherapeutic agents, literature-reported GNPs, and their combination. The <em>Lc</em>-GNPs demonstrated moderate potency but significantly lower expected systemic toxicity. These results indicate that <em>Lc</em>-derived GNPs possess promising, quantifiable anticancer efficacy and can serve as a sustainable nano biocompatible cancer therapeutic. The IC₅₀ values were determined from dose–response curves using nonlinear regression analysis. A549 cells exhibit the lowest viability and the highest cytotoxic response, confirming that <em>Lc</em>-GNPs possess the greatest potency against the A549 lung cancer cell line, followed by MCF-7 cells and HeLa.https://ppam.semnan.ac.ir/article_10312_db0cf003e7db9592288d809665cfeb2a.pdfSemnan University PressProgress in Physics of Applied Materials2783-47946220261101BaFe12O19/rGO Nanocomposites: A Comprehensive Study of Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties1511621034910.22075/ppam.2025.39111.1172ENMonaMehrabaniFaculty of Physics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, IranMohammad EbrahimGhaziFaculty of Physics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran0000-0002-4496-1757MortezaIzadifardFaculty of Physics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, IranJournal Article20251006This work investigates the synthesis and properties of barium hexaferrite (BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>) and its Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) nanocomposites using the auto-combustion sol-gel method. BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> is known to have certain limitations in practical applications, which motivates the development of BaFe₁₂O₁₉-based nanocomposites with carbon-based materials such as rGO to enhance their multifunctional behavior. The study explores the impact of different rGO content (10%, 20%, 40%, and 50% Wt.%) on the nanocomposites’ structural, optical, and magnetic properties. The techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and magnetic hysteresis measurements were used to characterize the samples. The structural studies revealed the formation of nanocomposite. Optical studies indicated that the band gap energy decreased from 1.62 eV for pure BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> to 1.48 eV for the composite containing 50% rGO. Concurrently, magnetic hysteresis measurements showed a reduction in saturation magnetization, from 54.21 emu/g for pure BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> to 23.38 emu/g for the 50% rGO composite.https://ppam.semnan.ac.ir/article_10349_f8a4c7893a5002d471308c5598d036f0.pdfSemnan University PressProgress in Physics of Applied Materials2783-47946220261101An Examination from Fundamental Principles Regarding the Structural, Elastic, Electronic, Magnetic, and Optical Characteristics of F Based Oxide full-Heusler Compounds1631781041710.22075/ppam.2025.39751.1186ENSaadiyaBenatmaneFaculty of Sciences and Technology, Department of Science and Technology, BP227 Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria
-Laboratory of Modelling and Simulation of Materials Science, Djillali Liabès University of Sidi Bel-Abbès, 22000, Sidi Bel-Abbes, AlgeriaJournal Article20251122This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the structural, electronic, magnetic, elastic, and optical properties of full‑Heusler compounds O₂XF (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) using first‑principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The computations were carried out using the full‑potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP‑LAPW) method implemented in WIEN2k. The exchange–correlation potential was described using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA‑PBE), while the Tran–Blaha modified Becke–Johnson (TB‑mBJ) potential was applied to obtain accurate electronic structures. All compounds are found to crystallize in the Hg₂CuTi‑type structure with a ferromagnetic ground state. Elastic constants calculated via the IRelast module confirm their mechanical stability and ductile nature. Band structure and density of states (DOS) analyses reveal half‑metallic behavior: the majority‑spin channel exhibits a semiconducting character, whereas the minority‑spin channel remains metallic. The total magnetic moment of 3 μB per formula unit for all compounds agrees well with the Slater–Pauling rule Mtot=(24−Ztot) μB. Overall, the O₂XF (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) full‑Heusler alloys are identified as mechanically robust half‑metallic ferromagnets with 100% spin polarization, making them strong candidates for future spintronic and sustainable energy applications.https://ppam.semnan.ac.ir/article_10417_f15f2020c8dfbe665c036e75c9176f7c.pdf