Semnan University Press Progress in Physics of Applied Materials 2783-4794 6 4 2026 12 01 A Comprehensive Study on the Synthesis, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Biological Applications of Substituted Piperazine Derivatives 343 357 10676 10.22075/ppam.2026.40640.1208 EN Sahaya Infant Lasalle B Department of Physics, SSN Research Centre, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam – 603110, Tamil Nadu, India Senthil Pandian Muthu Department of Physics, SSN Research Centre, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam – 603110, Tamil Nadu, India Ramasamy P Department of Physics, SSN Research Centre, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam – 603110, Tamil Nadu, India Journal Article 2026 02 18 Piperazine is an important organic heterocyclic compound featuring a six-membered ring with two nitrogen atoms positioned opposite each other and four carbon atoms. This moiety is present in numerous widely recognized drugs with diverse therapeutic applications, including antipsychotics, antihistamines, antianginal agents, antidepressants, anticancer agents, antivirals, cardioprotective agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, and imaging agents. In addition to members of the thiazole, benzimidazole, and tetrazole families, certain piperazine analogues also exhibit notable pharmacophoric activities. Consequently, many synthesized derivatives exhibit considerable antimicrobial and antifungal properties. This article describes the growth and characterization of piperazine derivative single crystals, which were analyzed using several techniques to evaluate their potential nonlinear optical applications, including structural analysis (single-crystal X ray diffraction), optical studies (UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy), and Z scan measurements (third harmonic generation), as well as their biological activities, such as anthelmintic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimycobacterial activities. https://ppam.semnan.ac.ir/article_10676_73732070ceddfa1af5e0ca498dccb854.pdf